Krömker et al. (article in press) evaluated the use of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) as the initial treatment for non-severe mastitis. The authors concluded that "The use of KE as the sole initial treatment for non-severe mastitis led to a reduction of antibiotic doses by 86%. Our findings revealed that systemic treatment with KE resulted in lower clinical and bacteriological cure rates, higher recurrence rates of clinical mastitis, and an elevated risk of new infections compared with the antibiotic-treated group. Nevertheless, in more than 85% of cases treated with KE, additional intramammary antibiotic treatment was unnecessary. Thus, this treatment concept represents an alternative in mastitis treatment that promoted the deliberate and selective use of antibiotics but has limitations in terms of treatment efficacy in mastitis. A targeted mastitis concept based on the identification of the bacterium involved could help to select cases to be treated with ketoprofen alone and therefore to overcome this limitation."