het Lam et al. (2025, article in press) investigated outbreaks of fatal Mannheimia haemolytica fibrinous pleuropneumonia (FPP). The authors concluded, "The majority of outbreaks occurred in the winter season or after a week with increased relative humidity. At farm level, the results suggest stress, inadequate biosecurity (purchase of cattle), and housing as risk factors for these outbreaks. Although M. haemolytica FPP appears to be a multifactorial disease, the results also seem to indicate a primary infectious disease pattern of fatally affecting healthy dairy cows at random. Further research is needed to quantify the relative importance of risk factors and identify specific virulent factors in the isolated M. haemolytica strains."