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  • Common Beef Diseases
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  • Enzootic bovine leukosis (Bovine leukaemia virus)
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  • United States
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Document Date: Mar/03/2026

High-prevalence of bovine leukemia virus in cow-calf operations: Implications for cow reproduction, culling, and calf weight

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Sedó et al. concluded that “While BLV serostatus alone was not associated with pregnancy rate, cows with high [proviral load] PVL values had significantly reduced odds of becoming pregnant compared to those with undetectable PVL. This finding suggests that PVL, rather than seropositivity per se, may be a more relevant indicator of subclinical effects on reproductive function. Similar associations have been documented in dairy cattle, where high PVL values have been linked to altered immune function and negative impacts on fertility (Bourassi et al., 2025, Ladronka et al., 2018).”
body condition score
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pregnancy rate